Abstract Ruminant energy supplementation with vegetable oils or fats has been standing out worldwide and oil palm processing has been receiving growing interest. This study assessed the effect of supplementation with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the palm oil industry on the lipid profile of seminal plasma and of the sperm membrane, as well as on the morphological and functional characteristics of raw and cryopreserved buffalo semen. Twelve purebred Murrah bulls (Bubalus bubalis) were assigned to the experimental groups and fed diets for 120 days with no added lipids (CONT, four bulls), or with an extra amount of 3% lipids from crude palm oil (PALM, four bulls), or from palm oil deodorizer distillate (PODD, four bulls). Semen was collected and cryopreserved every 15 days. The lipid composition of membranes and semen quality were determined after collections. Lipid supplementation did not impact feed intake (P>0.05). Diet enrichment with PALM increased the linoleic acid (C18:2,ω6) in seminal plasma. Lipid supplementation did not increase the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sperm membrane composition, but significantly increased the lignoceric acid (C24:0). Cryopreserved semen of the supplemented bulls presented higher progressive motility (60.2 vs. 67.9 vs. 65.2%; P<0.05) and sperm viability detected by eosin-nigrosin staining (61.1 vs. 69.4 vs. 67.8%; P<0.05). Palm oil reduced major sperm defects in both raw (12.2 vs. 9.3 vs. 13.2%; P<0.0001) and cryopreserved semen (12.4 vs. 9.4 vs. 11.2%; P<0.0001). The lipids added to the diet did not impact the population of spermatozoa with intact plasma and acrosomal membranes (PI-/PSA-), but significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial potential (25.6 vs. 31.5 vs. 32.0%; P=0.008). The results suggest that lipid supplementation based on crude palm oil or palm oil deodorizer distillate can be safely used to feed buffalo bulls and may increase sperm attributes related to male fertility.

Abstract In Vitro Embryo Production (IVP) is widely used to improve the reproductive efficiency of livestock animals, however increasing the embryo development rates and pregnancy outcomes is still a challenge for some species. Thus, the lack of biological knowledge hinders developing specie-specific IVP protocols. Therefore, the contributions of RNA-seq to generate relevant biological knowledge and improve the efficiency of IVP in livestock animals are reviewed herein.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of this thymol-rich oil in the proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Methods: Stem cells were isolated from human adipose tissue by liposuction. After the first passage, cells were cultivated in triplicate for three days in control medium and medium supplemented with three oil samples (1.0 μg/mL, 5.0 μg/mL, and 25.0 μg/mL). Cells were analyzed by the MTT assay at passage 1 (P1), and cell proliferation of control and 1 μg/mL groups was determined with a hemocytometer at P2 and P3. Results: Viability of the essential oil-treated cells was significantly higher than the control group at P1 (p = 0.0008). The treatment with the oil, at a concentration of 1 µg/mL, led to increases of 24.8% at P1 and 43.0% at P3 in the rate of cell proliferation compared with control cells. Conclusion: Supplementing culture medium with essential oil of Lippia origanoides increased cell proliferation, especially at later passages.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the Adipose Stem Cells (ACS) therapy efficacy on the time and quality of wound healing process in rats. METHODS: Nine male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups I) 7 days of healing; II) 14 days of healing; III) 21 days of healing. Four incisions were made on the dorsal surface of each rat and then treated with intralesional ACS, meloxicam, and no treatment and ACS+meloxicam. Macroscopic evaluation was measured by percentage of healing and histopathological by hematoxylin-eosin was performed. RESULTS: All groups have the wound reduced during the three weeks (p<0.001) and after 14 days of healing had greater reduction than others. Wounds treated with ASC had accelerated healing in relation to no treatment and only meloxicam (p<0.001), excepting the ASC+Meloxicam that was similar (p=0.13). There was no difference in histopathological analysis between lesions. CONCLUSION: Adipose stem cell have benefits in reducing time of healing of experimental model of wound in rats, observed 7 days of after application.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do número da passagem e do sexo das células doadoras de núcleo no desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal após transferência nuclear. Para isso, oócitos bovinos foram maturados, enucleados e reconstruídos com células somáticas de animal adulto. Após a fusão e ativação química, os zigotos reconstituídos foram cultivados em Charles Rosenkranz 2 (CR2) com monocamada de células da granulosa a 38,8ºC em atmosfera umidificada a 5% de CO2 em ar, durante sete dias, e transferidos para receptoras sincronizadas. As taxas de clivagem e desenvolvimento a blastocisto de embriões reconstruídos com células cultivadas por tempo maior foram inferiores às obtidas com os demais tempos de cultivo. Além disso, os blastocistos produzidos não resultaram no desenvolvimento de uma gestação a termo. Embora a taxa de clivagem em embriões fêmeas tenha sido maior, o número de embriões que atingiram o estádio de blastocisto foi maior nos embriões machos. No período gestacional, fêmeas apresentaram maior taxa de aborto entre 90 e 120 dias de gestação. Esses resultados indicam que células doadoras de núcleos cultivados por longos períodos dificultam a produção de blastocistos e aumentam as chances de perdas durante a gestação. Embriões clonados machos têm maior competência para se desenvolver a blastocisto e resultam em menor taxa de perda gestacional.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of culture time and sex of nuclei donor cells on embryo and fetal development after nuclear transfer. Thus, bovine oocytes were matured, enucleated and reconstructed with somatic cells from an adult animal. After fusion and chemical activation, the reconstituted zygotes were cultured in Charles Rosenkranz 2 (CR2) on a granular monolayer cell at 38.8ºC in a humidified atmosphere 5% CO2 in air for seven days, and transferred to synchronized receptors. Cleavage rates and development to blastocyst of embryo reconstructed with cells cultured for a longer time were lower than rates obtained with other culture times. Moreover, these produced blastocysts did not result in the development of full term pregnancy. Although cleavage rates were higher in female embryos, the number of embryos that reached blastocyst stage was higher in male embryos. During gestation period, females showed higher abortion rates from 90 to 120 days of gestation. These results indicate that cells donnors of nuclei cultured for long periods make the production of blastocysts difficult and increase the chances of losses during pregnancy. Cloned male embryos are more succesful in becoming blastocysts and result in lower gestational loss rate.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a cinética da maturação in vitro de oócitos bubalinos, foram cultivados 1.619 oócitos com cumulus oophorus compacto em quatro diferentes tratamentos: T1 - TCM 199 com 10% de Soro Fetal Bovino (SFB) (meio base); T2 - Meio base e células da granulosa (CG); T3 - Meio base, CG, 10 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) e 10 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG); T4 - Meio base, 10 UI de eCG, 10UI de hCG e 1 µg de 17b-estradiol / ml, em tempos de 14 a 17h, 20 a 22h, 23 a 25h, 26 a 28h, 29h e 32h de cultivo em estufa de CO2 a 5% e temperatura de 38,5ºC. No tratamento 1, observou-se que 81,83%, 69,61%, 65,88%, 60,28%, 64,98% e 67,67% dos ovócitos reiniciaram a meiose. No tratamento 2, as taxas de reinicio da meiose foram de 76,06%, 72,06%, 69,78%, 68,12%,74,97% e 89,96%, no tratamento 3 estes percentuais foram de 83,59%, 78,86%, 77,49%, 82,4%, 72,92% e 81,06% e com o tratamento 4 os índices foram de 95,0%, 91,82%, 93, 17%, 91,65%, 92,09% e 74,99% nos tempos de 14 a 17h, 20 a 22h, 23 a 25h, 26 a 28h, 29h e 32h de cultivo, respectivamente, podendo-se concluir que o meio com maior suplementação proporciona maior taxa de reinício da meiose em menor tempo, assim como o aumento no tempo de cultivo pode levar a maiores índices de degeneração.

To evaluate the kinetics of the in vitro maturation of buffalo oocytes, 1.619 oocytes with compact cumulus oophorus were cultivated in different treatments: T1 - TCM 199 with 10% of bovine foetal serum (BFS) (basic medium); T2 - Medium basic and granulosa cells (GC); T3 -Basic medium, GC, 10 IU of eCG and 10 IU of hCG; T4 - Basic medium , 10 IU of eCG, 10 IU of hCG and 1 µg 17b-estradiol / ml, in times 14 to 17 h, 20 to 22 h, 23 to 25 h, 26 to 28 h, 29 h and 32 h of cultivation in CO2 incubator at 5% and temperature of 38,5ºC. In the treatment 1, it was observed that 81,83%, 69,61%, 65,88%, 60,28%, 64,98% and 67,67% of the oocytes restarted the meiosis; with the treatment 2, rates of oocytes restart of the meiosis were of 76,06%, 72,06%, 69,78%, 68,12%,74,97% and 89,96%; with the treatment 3 rates were of 83,59%, 78,86%, 77,49%, 82,4%, 72,92% and 81,06% and with the treatment 4 the rates were of 95,0%, 91,82%, 93, 17%, 91,65%, 92,09% and 74,99% in the times from 14 to 17 h, 20 to 22 h, 23 to 25 h, 26 to 28 h, 29 h and 32 h of culture, respectively, could be concluded that the supllemented medium provides larger rates of restarted of the meiosis in smaller time, as well as the increase in the time of cultivation it can take to largest rates of degeneration.